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Email server
Workload guide · Personal cloud

Email server: hardware requirements guide

Self-hosted email stack (Mailcow, Mailu) with spam filtering and webmail.

Always-on 24/7

Hardware requirements by tier

Three tiers for every workload: the minimum that works, the recommended sweet spot, and the comfortable headroom level. These are the same tiers the WisePC decision engine uses when it plans a build around your goal.

TierCPU coresRAMStorageGPUVRAMNetwork
Minimum2 cores4 GB1 TB (ssd)None—1 GbE
Recommended4 cores8 GB4 TB (ssd)None—1 GbE
Comfortable8 cores16 GB16 TB (hdd)None—2.5 GbE
Overkill13 cores26 GB32 TB (hdd)None—2.5 GbE

Beyond Comfortable — 13 cores, 26 GB RAM, 32 TB (SSD): headroom you will never use for this workload alone. Put the difference into storage, backup or silence.

Recommended system shape

Derived by the decision engine from the recommended tier — the same logic that plans full builds.

Form factor
sff
Build style
prebuilt
Drive plan
2× 4.1TB NVMe

Light requirements (4 threads, 8GB RAM) fit a sff prebuilt system — simpler and more efficient than building from parts.

One box or a separate machine?

Keep on the main server

Lightweight always-on service — a separate system would add cost, energy and maintenance for no benefit.

Whether this workload deserves its own system or should live on the main server.

Storage arrays, priced

Five physical strategies for the recommended capacity — the same planner, drive model and reference prices as the storage planner tool.

StrategyDrivesUsableCostIdle
Cheapest 2× 4TB hdd4 TB · parity1≈ €47210 W
Balanced Recommended2× 16TB hdd16 TB · parity1≈ €176812 W
Redundant 3× 8TB hdd8 TB · parity2≈ €122715 W
Expansion-friendly 2× 20TB hdd20 TB · parity1≈ €200014 W
Performance 2× 4TB nvme4 TB · parity1≈ €15882 W

For a fast working tier, go all-flash — the performance strategy protects speed without the HDD rebuild pain.

Backup is not storage

The extra copy that survives drive failure, deletion and ransomware — the same engine as the backup planner.

For 4TB of irreplaceable data, go straight to the full 3-2-1 — a local NAS plus an offsite copy.

Recommended: Full 3-2-1
3 copies, 2 media, 1 offsite — the gold standard · ≈ €353 + €48/yr
critical
No offsite copy

Add a second copy outside the building — cloud or a drive at a friend's house.

medium
No versioning

Use a versioning-aware tool (restic, borg, Backblaze) that keeps history.

medium
Unscheduled backups

Schedule backups automatically and monitor them.

high
Backup on the same machine

Keep the backup on separate hardware or offsite.

What will it cost?

Market-neutral EUR bands from the reference drive model (≈ = estimated street price). Live component prices resolve on the build page for your region.

Storage array
≈ €472 – €2000
Array energy / year
≈ €59/yr
∼27 W idle

Compute (CPU, board, RAM, GPU) is not included — see the recommended build for live prices.

Growth outlook

What happens when the data keeps growing — the same engine as the growth simulator.

Storage stays within 16TB across the 3-year horizon — the architecture fits your expected growth.

Within capacity and bays — no new bay needed for 7TB.

Which tier do you need?

  • Pick Minimum (2 cores, 4 GB RAM) only for a single-purpose machine on a tight budget — expect little headroom.
  • Recommended (4 cores, 8 GB RAM) is the sweet spot: enough for the workload plus the usual side-services, without overspending.
  • Pick Comfortable (8 cores, 16 GB RAM) when this workload shares the machine with others or will grow — you pay for headroom, not for anxiety.
  • GPU rule for this workload: None.GPU rule for this workload: None (no discrete VRAM needed).
Keep going

Frequently asked questions

How much RAM does email server need?
4 GB is the sensible minimum, 8 GB covers most real setups, and 16 GB gives comfortable headroom for growth and extra services.
How many CPU cores does email server need?
A 2-core CPU is the minimum, 4 cores is the recommended sweet spot, and 8 cores is comfortable when it shares the machine with other workloads.
Does email server need a dedicated GPU?
No — integrated graphics or a headless setup is enough.
What storage and network does email server expect?
Storage: 4 TB of SSD is the recommended baseline (1 TB minimum, 16 TB comfortable). Network: 1 GbE is the recommended baseline.
What runs well alongside email server?
It pairs naturally with: Nextcloud / file sync, Reverse proxy, Password manager.
How much power does email server use?
The storage array idles around 27 W (≈ 59 €/year at 0.25 €/kWh). The full system adds CPU, board and fans on top — see the cost section for the honest bands.

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